Irakleio Archaeological Museum
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Founded in 1937 to house the growing treasury of finds from Crete’s newly rediscovered archaeological sites, Irakleio’s Archaeological Museum gives a dazzling insight into the marvels of the first sophisticated European civilization, which flourished here more than 3,000 years ago. Among the most famous and striking exhibits are the frescoes from Knosos, jewellery, symbol seals and Minoan double axes, as well as the enigmatic Phaestos Disc, with its symbols written by people of the ancient world.
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1. Hall of Frescoes
The most exciting and impressive of the museum’s displays are the lively, colourful frescoes from Knosos, Agia Triada and other palaces. They seem to offer a real link between the past and present.
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2. Ayia Triada Sarcophagus
The elaborately painted stone coffin is adorned with depictions of animal sacrifices, a funeral procession, women and goddesses riding chariots pulled by slaves and mythical beasts. It was perhaps made for a Minoan ruler.
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3. Phaestos Disc
The secret of this clay disc, embossed with symbols believed to be the earliest example of a form of printing, has yet to be revealed. The hieroglyphics on the disc, which was found at Phaestos in 1903, are the earliest known Minoan script.
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4. Bull’s Head Rhyton
This 16th-century BC wine vessel is carved from black steatite stone and has gilded horns, rock crystal eyes and a mother-of-pearl snout. It was discovered at Knosos and probably used in ritual.
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5. Faience Figurines of the Snake Goddess
Found at Knosos, the figures carry a snake in either hand, as do some later depictions of the goddess Astarte, suggesting some continuity between ancient Crete and later Hellenic cultures.
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6. Jug of Reeds
With its dark pattern of reeds painted on a lighter background, the graceful pottery jug is the finest example of work from the New Palace era (1700–1450 BC).
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7. Minoan Jewellery and Helmets
Gold necklaces, rings, earrings, seals, sword hilts and helmets are among the treasure trove of finds from Knosos, Phaestos and Gortys.
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8. Town Mosaic
Glazed tiles, each depicting multi-storey buildings of the Minoan era, were originally part of a mural decoration which may have graced the wall of a palace.
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9. Gaming Board
A decorative gaming board, elaborately inlaid and decorated with rock crystal, gold and silver leaf, turquoise paste and ivory, shows that ancient Crete had a wealthy, leisured class as well as trade links with other ancient civilizations.
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10. Miniature Figures
Doll-like figurines of people and animals look like toys but are believed to have had a religious purpose as votive offerings. Most were found in mountain sanctuaries and caves, such as the Diktian (Psychro) Cave (see Diktian Cave).
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